Introduction to Self-Determination Theory Week 3 Final Exam Quiz Answers

 

Introduction to Self-Determination Theory Coursera Final Exam Quiz Answers | An approach to motivation, development and wellness Coursera Quiz Answers

Module 3
Total - 24 Questions

Question 1. Within-person variations in wellness refers to:

(A)  The difference in overall well-being between two given individuals.

(B)  An individual’s own fluctuations in well-being over time and across contexts

(C)  The relative increase in basic need satisfaction and overall wellness that occurs across the lifespan.

(D) The difference between self-reported well-being and more objective measures of well-being.

Question 2. In their study of daily well-being and need satisfaction among college students, Reis, Sheldon, Gable, Roscoe, & Ryan (2000) found all of the following EXCEPT:

(A)  An increase in positive affect between Friday and Sunday evening.

(B)  Fewer experiences of choice and connectedness during the week than on the weekend.

(C)  Greater negative affect during the week than on the weekend.

(D) Greater satisfaction of all three basic needs Monday through Friday

Question 3. SDT work on the “weekend effect” suggests that:

(A)  The weekend effect is largely driven by the lack of support for autonomy and relatedness needs in the workplace.

(B)  The weekend effect is only evident for positive and negative affect. Measures of other indices of well-being like vitality and physical symptoms do not fluctuate in the same manner.

(C)  The fact that most people have less work to do on the weekend accounts for the increases well-being evidenced on the weekend.

(D) All workers are subject to the weekend effect

Question 4. According to SDT, which of the following strategies would be most effective in mitigating (reducing) the weekend effect?

(A)  Shifting to different work schedule so that time off of work doesn’t always fall on the weekend.

(B)  Finding more need-fulfilling hobbies to engage in on the weekend.

(C)  Including more opportunities to connect meaningfully with co-workers during regular work hours.

(D) All of the above strategies would be equally effective.

Question 5. Within SDT the phrase “all goals are not created equal” refers to research demonstrating that:

(A)  Some goals are much easier to achieve than others.

(B)  Some goals are more in-line with psychological need satisfaction than others.

(C)  Some people are better prepared to achieve their goals than others.

(D) Achieving extrinsic goals always increases well-being.

Question 6. Kasser & Ryan’s work on “The dark side of the American dream” suggests that:

(A)  Aristotle was wrong about eudaimonia.

(B)  The more emphasis people place on financial success the more likely they are to do well financially.

(C)  Most Americans are not pursuing their personal goals.

(D) American culture emphasizes materialism, image, and wealth as important to happiness and success, but even if we achieve them we are unlikely to experience well-being benefits.

Question 7. Grouzet, Kasser, & colleagues (2005) examined the structure of goal contents across 15 different cultures. Results of their study indicate that:

(A)  The structure of intrinsic relative to extrinsic goals was similar across the cultures examined.

(B)  The impact of pursuing extrinsic goals on well-being depends on the person’s cultural background.

(C)  Eastern countries emphasized extrinsic goals more than western countries did.

(D) Americans are unique in their emphasis on wealth and fame

Question 8. According to SDT, achieving which of the following goals would be most likely to relate to greater well-being? 

(A)  Being considered the most attractive person in your friend group.

(B)  Obtaining a six-figure income.

(C)  Developing a meaningful relationship.

(D) Achieving any of these goals is likely to increase well-being.

Question 9. Kasser & Ryan’s (2001) study of attainment for intrinsic goals and extrinsic goals found that:

(A)  Achievement was only related to greater well-being when it was related to a specific goal set by the individual.

(B)  Achieving intrinsic and extrinsic goals had an additive effect on well-being.

(C)  Only attainment of intrinsic goals was related to greater well-being.

(D) Achievement of any kind was related to greater well-being.

Question 10. Niemic, Ryan, & Deci’s (2009) longitudinal study of college students’ life goal pursuits indicated that:

(A)  Extrinsic goals are more difficult to obtain than intrinsic goals.

(B)  Attaining extrinsic goals was related to greater well-being, but unrelated to symptoms of ill-being (e.g., depression, anxiety).

(C)  Attaining extrinsic goals was unrelated to well-being, but predicted greater symptoms of ill-being (e.g., depression, anxiety).

(D) Both of the first two answers are correct.

Question 11. Sheldon & Krieger (2014) examined income and well-being among different types of lawyers. Results of their study suggest that:

(A)  Although “money lawyers” made more money than “social advocacy lawyers” the two types were, on average, equally stressed and unhappy.

(B)  “Money lawyers” were much more stressed out and unhappy than “social advocacy lawyers” because they were working longer hours.

(C)  Well-being was higher among the “social advocacy lawyers” (compared to the “money lawyers”) because they were more likely to be working on things that were intrinsically important and interesting to them.

(D) “Money lawyers” were happier and less stressed than “social advocacy lawyers” because their higher income allowed them to maximize psychological need satisfaction in other areas of their lives.

Question 12. Van Hiel and VanSteenkiste (2009) conducted a study on the effects of obtaining different types of goals on well-being and attitudes toward death among two cohorts of older adults Results of this study suggest that:

(A)  Attainment of intrinsic aspirations was related to greater well-being, ego integrity, and less depression, but was not related to acceptance of or anxiety about death.

(B)  Attaining intrinsic aspirations is related to greater well-being, ego integrity, and death acceptance and also to less despair, depressive symptoms and death anxiety.

(C)  Extrinsic goal attainment strongly predicts lower well-being and greater depression.

(D) Extrinsic goal attainment was not significantly related to any of the outcomes of interest.

Question 13. Which of the following is NOT an example of why extrinsic goals are associated with lower well-being?

(A)  Lawyers who focus on the goal of making money reported experiencing less autonomy on a day-to-day basis.

(B)  People who are focused on their image or fame are more competitive and engage in more social comparison, which interferes with meeting relatedness needs.

(C)  Because extrinsic goals are often pursued to compensate for already low self-worth.

(D) Those who are most likely to pursue extrinsic aspirations already have the least material wealth and status and therefore already have low well-being.

Question 14. Results of Kasser, Ryan, Zax, and Sameroff’s (1995) longitudinal study of adolescents’ values and well-being indicate that:

(A)  Mothers (in particular) who were more controlling and cold had children who focused more on materialistic goals and values and displayed more symptoms of psychopathology and internal distress.

(B)  Having a cold, controlling mother only led to well-being deficits among adolescents who failed to achieve their extrinsic goals.

(C)  Mothers who were controlling and cold had children who displayed more symptoms of psychopathology and internal distress, but this was unrelated to the types of aspirations their children held.

(D) Having a cold, controlling mother only led to well-being deficits among adolescents who actually achieved their extrinsic goals

Question 15. Which of the following statements best characterizes the trajectory of extrinsic goal endorsement in the U.S. over the past 70 years?

(A)  Increasing wealth on average has led to less extrinsic goal adoption as there is less need to focus on attaining money for survival.

(B)  People are increasingly inundated with cultural and media messages that emphasize the importance of material wealth, possessions, and image as the path to happiness. This has led to an increasing endorsement of extrinsic aspirations.

(C)  The level of endorsement of extrinsic aspirations has been relatively stable over time. Media messages just make it seem like people are more focused on extrinsic aspirations so that they can sell more products.

(D) The endorsement of extrinsic goals has been increasing slowly over time, but at a much slower rate than the endorsement of intrinsic goals which has been increasing rapidly over the past 70 years as technology opens up opportunities for social connection.

Question 16. Which of the following statements best describes the role of awareness in the experience of autonomy?

(A)  Autonomy and awareness are not explicitly linked within SDT

(B)  Awareness is the foundation for autonomous functioning as it is essential to being able to make congruent choices.

(C)  Because the experience of autonomy is a largely automatic process, awareness is not an essential ingredient to its experience.

(D) Awareness is critical, as autonomy requires sustained, focused attention to be experienced.

Question 17. Brown and Ryan (2003) found that mindfulness moderated the relation between implicit and explicit reports of how they feel, indicating that:

(A)  For people high in mindfulness there is no correlation between implicit and explicit assessments of affect, whereas for people low in mindfulness there is a significant positive correlation.

(B)  The relation between implicit and explicit reports was stronger for participants low in mindfulness.

(C)  For people high in mindfulness there is a strong, positive correlation between implicit and explicit assessments of affect, whereas for people low in mindfulness this correlation is actually negative.

(D) For people high in mindfulness there is a strong, negative correlation between implicit and explicit assessments of affect, whereas for people low in mindfulness this correlation is weak, but positive.

Question 18. Brown and Ryan (2003) found that autonomy and mindfulness were related in which of the following ways: 

(A)  People who have higher trait level mindfulness report experiencing greater autonomy

(B)  In moments where state mindfulness is high people tend to experience greater autonomy

(C)  Both of the answers above are correct

(D) None of the above are correct; although mindfulness is related to well-being, it does not directly relate to the experience of autonomy.

Question 19. SDT research examining the relation between mindfulness and stress suggests all of the following EXCEPT:

(A)  Mindfulness can lead people to suffer less in stressful, controlling environments because it can help them to let go of and not dwell on negative and stressful experiences.

(B)  People who are high in trait mindfulness evidence more active, approach oriented coping styles compared to people low in mindfulness.

(C)  When mindfulness is high, the same event is likely to be experienced as less stressful.

(D) In some circumstances mindfulness can actually increase stress because it makes people more aware of the stressful, negative aspects of the situation.

Question 20. Which of the following is NOT a reason for SDT researcher’s interest in studying vitality?

(A)  Because vitality is an indicator of well-being that is only impacted by psychological (but not physical) factors

(B)  It is a variable on which people can easily and accurately self-report

(C)  It is a central variable in well-being

(D) It is one of the strongest predictor of other mental and physical indicators of well-being.

Question 21. In their study of vitality, Ryan & Frederick (1997) examined the factors that raise and lower vitality. Results of this study indicate that: 

(A)  Participants in the autonomy support condition reported greater vitality than those in the control condition

(B)  While vitality varies greatly between individuals, it is relatively stable within individuals over time.

(C)  Vitality was greater among those participants that received positive feedback (compared to those who received negative feedback or no feedback at all).

(D) Regardless of whether participants were in the autonomy support or control condition, those who successfully completed the task experienced increases in vitality.

Question 22. Gagne, Ryan, & Bergman (2003) conducted a study on the vitality of gymnasts. Results of this study indicated that: 

(A)  Autonomy support, but not satisfaction of relatedness and competence needs, was associated with greater vitality.

(B)  Gymnasts who experienced greater satisfaction of their basic needs reported increasing vitality over the course of the training session.

(C)  The more disciplined gymnasts reported greater vitality.

(D) Vitality decreased for all gymnasts over the course of a training session as they became fatigued.

Question 23. According to the classic literature on ego-depletion:

(A)  All self-regulatory acts are draining to vitality

(B)  Only controlled, or extrinsically motivation actions are depleting of vitality.

(C)  Whether a task depletes vitality depends on how involved the person’s ego is involved in that task.

(D) Only volitional acts deplete vitality as it takes energy to exercise free will.

Question 24. SDT researchers have found the exposure to nature to have which of the following effects:

(A)  One must be in a relatively remote, pristine place like a forest or beach to experience the benefits of nature on vitality.

(B)  Being outside or around plants is associated with greater vitality and generosity.

(C)  The impact of being outside on vitality is due to the fact that people are more physically active outdoors than they are indoors.

(D) Exposure to nature is associated with greater vitality, but only when the weather is good.

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