Introduction to Self-Determination Theory Week 1 Final Exam Quiz Answers

 

Introduction to Self-Determination Theory Coursera Final Exam Quiz Answers | An approach to motivation, development and wellness Coursera Quiz Answers

Module 1
Total - 22 Questions

Question 1. Which of the following is NOT one of SDT’s basic psychological needs:

A.    Control   

B.     Autonomy  

C.     Competence  

D.    Relatedness  

Question 2. According to Self-Determination Theory, basic psychological needs:

A.    Differ in type across cultures.

B.     Are learned over development through experiences with others.

C.     Must be fulfilled for optimal growth and development to occur.

D.    All of the above.

Question 3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the relation between SDT and B.F. Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning?

A.    SDT moves beyond operant conditioning theory, recognizing the impact of individual choice on human behaviour.

B.     The two theories directly contradict one another. Because the findings from the two theories cannot be reconciled, one theory must be wrong.

C.     Operant conditioning focuses on how external forces can be used to override the organism’s internal drives. SDT focuses instead on how internal drives and motives can override external controls to determine behavior.

D.    Both theories focus on how to increase the amount or quantity of an organism’s motivation for specific behaviors.

Question 4. SDT focuses on "volitional" behaviors, which can be defined as:

A.    Behaviors that have a positive impact on the health or well-being of an individual.

B.     Behaviors you do willingly and are enacted out of interest or value for the activity itself.

C.     Behaviors that are enacted without any external inputs or influence.

D.    Behaviors that are enacted out of the desire to please another person.

Question 5. Which of the following is true about the relation between autonomy (as defined within SDT) and independence?

A.    Independent actions are more likely to be autonomous than collective or collaborative actions.

B.     Independence may or may not be autonomously motivated.

C.     Only people who live in individualistic cultures that emphasize independence are able to experience true autonomy.

D.    Only when one depends on others can one be truly autonomous.

Question 6. According to Self-Determination Theory, with of the following is NOT true of motivation:

(A)   Humans can be motivated by external forces in the environment that provide rewards and punishments for enacting specific behaviors.

(B)  High quality motivation leads to more creative and higher performance outcomes.

(C)  The critical feature of motivation is its quantity, or the amount of motivation an individual has to enact a behaviour.

(D)  Motivation can take multiple forms that vary in quality.

Question 7. Which of the following is true of intrinsic motivation?

(A)   It is a strong predictor of performance in school

(B)   It is facilitated by rewards and other external controls

(C)   It is specific to humans

(D)  It doesn’t develop until adolescence

Question 8.  If you were a teacher, which of the following should you implement if you want to increase the intrinsic motivation of your students for reading?

(A)   Offer a prize to the student who reads the most pages each week.

(B)   Closely observe and supervise students as they are reading to make sure they know they need to stay focused and so that you can accurately monitor their progress and pace.

(C)  Encourage students to select a book on a topic that interests them for independent reading time, rather than selecting one for them.

(D)  Select a standard book that all students will read during their independent reading time.

Question 9. Harry Harlow’s research with primates suggests that:

(A)   Primates do not engage in play-like behaviors unless they expect to be rewarded with food.

(B)   Intrinsic motivation occurs only in humans.

(C)  Giving rewards and incentives to the monkeys for play-like behavior led them to increase the frequency of these behaviors.

(D) That intrinsic motivation is not a uniquely human phenomenon.

Question 10. Cognitive Evaluation Theory posits that:

(A)   Relatedness is not a factor in determining intrinsic motivation.

(B)   An individual’s level of intrinsic motivation is primarily predicted by their temperament.

(C)   That intrinsic motivation increases over the life-span as people come to better understand their environments.

(D)  That intrinsic motivation depends on the extent to which the three basic psychological needs are met.  

Question 11.  Research using the “free choice paradigm” has shown that all of the following undermine intrinsic motivation EXCEPT:

(A)   Evaluative pressure.

(B)   Leaving the participant unsupervised.

(C)   Assigning problems that are too difficult for the participant to complete.

(D)  Interacting with the participant in a cold and impersonal manner.

Question 12.  Which of the following is true of the “free choice paradigm”?

(A)   Participants are given a very boring and mundane task to perform. Half are provided with some external pressure or reward to perform the task and half are only told simply to “do their best”. Differences in task performance between the two groups are then assessed.

(B)   This is a paradigm in personality research that examines the activities participants choose to engage in as a way to predict certain personality characteristics.

(C)   Researchers use this paradigm to determine which activities children find most intrinsically interesting so that these can then be employed in an educational setting.

(D) The amount of time participants spend on the original task during the free choice period is used to assess differences in intrinsic motivation between two conditions: a condition in which some evaluative pressure or reward had been provided for doing the task and a control condition with no such incentive.

Question 13.  Deci’s (1971) classic study illustrates the undermining effect which refers to:

(A)   The finding that the impact of external rewards on motivation decreases over time as participants become accustomed to receiving the reward.

(B)   The reduction in intrinsic motivation for an activity that occurs after one has been provided financial incentive for engaging in that activity.

(C)   The finding that punishing people for engaging in an enjoyable activity only makes them want to do it even more.

(D)  The phenomenon where participants who are left alone to do whatever they would like show less motivation for learning activities than do participants who know that the experimenter is watching them.

 Question 14.  In Werneke and Tomasello’s 2008 research on helping behavior in children suggests that:

(A)   Rewards make children feel appreciated for helping and therefore increase subsequent helping behavior.

(B)   Providing children with rewards for helping increases the already high base-rate of helping.

(C)   Both praise and rewards had an equally undermining effect on intrinsic motivation for helping.

(D)  Children as early as 20-months are intrinsically interested in helping adults.

Question 15.  Deci, Koestner, and Ryan’s (1999) meta-analysis on the effects of rewards on intrinsic motivation indicates that:

(A)   Unexpected rewards do not significantly undermine intrinsic motivation.

(B)   Combining studies on all types of rewards suggests that on average rewards do increase intrinsic motivation.

(C)   Non-contingent rewards are more detrimental to intrinsic motivation than rewards contingent on engagement or performance.

(D)  Verbal, but not tangible, rewards undermine intrinsic motivation.

Question 16.  Which of the following was NOT found by Murayama and colleagues’ (2010) in their neuroimaging study of the undermining effect?

(A)   In the first condition, there is a lot of activation in the bilateral striatum occurring in the reward condition (e.g., financial reward for response), but there is also activation in the control condition (e.g., not getting rewards) because participants found the game rewarding and interesting.

(B)   In looking at the lateral prefrontal cortex, you see the same pattern of effects found as those in the bilateral striatum area of the brain for these experiments.

(C)   Activation in the bilazteral striatum only occurs for the reward condition.

(D)  When brought back into the lab for a second session, this time with no rewards for any participants, those who had previously received rewards for their performance showed the lowest levels of activation in the bilateral striatum.

Question 17.  Psychological research on video games is important because:

(A)   They provide an example of how intrinsic motivation drives engagement in activities.

(B)   Video games are currently the most popular and profitable entertainment industry, indicating that more and more people are engaging in virtual game play.

(C)   Some individuals become addicted to playing video games. We need to better understand video games so as to help individuals who are addicted to playing them.

(D)  All of the above statements are correct.

Question 18.  Good video games fulfill people’s sense of competence. Which of the following is NOT an example of how a game might do that?

(A)   By providing clear and immediate feedback as to how one is performing in the game.

(B)   By scaling the difficult to the skill level of the player.

(C)   By providing lots of opportunities to “level-up” or increase one’s standing in the game.

(D)  By making the game consistently easy so that players have ample opportunity for ongoing positive feedback.

Question 19.  According to SDT’s Cognitive Evaluation Theory, which of the following video games would be the most intrinsically motivating?

(A)  A guitar playing game where you can select from various songs you wish to play at each level. The songs get increasingly difficult as you move up the levels and you have the option to team up with other players either online or in-person to form a band.

(B)   A guitar playing game where you must successfully play your way through a predetermined set of songs. You are provided with clear feedback when you miss a note as well as when you have an uninterrupted streak of correctly played notes. The game is single-player only.  

(C)   An open-world game in which you can do whatever you want and interact with whomever you want, but there is no clear form of feedback or way to know whether you are succeeding at the game.

(D)  All of the above would be equally intrinsically motivating.

Question 20.  The study examining World of Warcraft players and their persistence playing the game eight months later found that:

(A)   Participant ratings of basic need satisfaction were highly correlated with whether or not they were still playing World of Warcraft eight months later.

(B)   Participant ratings of enjoyment, but not need satisfaction, were related to whether or not participants said the game was worth the price.

(C)   Enjoyment was the strongest predictor of whether participants continued to play World of Warcraft, but it was not strongly related to whether participants said that the game was worth the price.

(D)  Basic need satisfaction and enjoyment were equally predictive of whether participants continued to pay for and play World of Warcraft.

 Question 21.  Peng and colleagues study on need satisfaction and motivation in exercise games suggests that:

(A)   The competence of participants in one condition was significantly reduced by not allowing them to select their own avatar.

(B)   Visual features of games, such as what your avatar looks like, have no impact on game enjoyment or motivation for future game play.

(C)   Removing game features related to autonomy and competence significantly reduces game enjoyment and motivation for future play, among other variables.

(D)  Turning off autonomy supportive, but not competence supportive, features of the game leads to decreased enjoyment of and motivation for game play.

Question 22.  According to the SDT, which of the following does NOT explain a reason for video game overuse:

(A)   Games help satisfy the three basic psychological needs that people may be missing in their daily lives.

(B)   Increasing violent graphics in games lead people to become deeply immersed in the game.

(C)   People may not have many opportunities for need fulfillment in their daily life.

(D)  All of the above are reasons for overuse according to the need density hypothesis. 

 

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